The Industrial Land Shift

The Industrial Land Shift

The Structural Forces Reshaping Australia’s

Industrial Land Market

Q3 2026

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 2

Introduction

Australia's industrial land market remains characterised by a disconnect between identified land supply and development - ready land. While almost 12,600 hectares of industrial land has been identified nationally, less than 20% is considered active and developer controlled. The primary constraint facing industrial development is not the availability of zoned land, but the delivery of serviced land. Infrastructure, utility capacity, planning coordination and fragmented ownership continue to delay the conversion of identified land into development -ready industrial estates. In some states, the process to convert zoned land into active land supply can take up to five or more years.

At the same time, industrial land is supporting a broader range of uses. Alongside logistics occupiers, hyperscale data centre operators have become significant purchasers of industrial land, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne, reducing the supply of future warehouse development opportunities within established precincts. The continuation of this trend and a strengthening pre -lease market would mean active land stocks would be absorbed faster than they can be replenished. As a result, the availability of serviced industrial land, rather than the volume of identified land, is increasingly determining industrial development activity, land values and occupier location decisions.

Luke Crawford Head of Logistics & Industrial Research – AUS luke.crawford@cushwake.com +61 421 985 784

David Hall Head of CRE & Brokerage Logistics & Industrial - ANZ david.j.hall@cushwake.com +61 428 242 410

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 3

What Does This Mean?

05

04

03

02

01

Market Choice Is Narrowing

Greater Premium For Development Ready Land

Future Supply Depends On Conversion

Competition For Strategic Land Is Broadening

Occupiers Face New Trade -offs

A pricing premium has always existed for development ready land; however, developers and investors are being more aggressive on pricing for sites that offer delivery certainty compared to previous cycles. The depletion of institutional land banks has made land replacement an increasing priority across major markets.

Industrial land supply is increasingly concentrated in a small number of precincts, with five submarkets accounting for 65% of active land stock. Alternatively, active land supply in infill precincts represents less than 15% of active land supply nationally.

Australia possesses a substantial industrial land pipeline; however, much of it remains reliant on infrastructure, servicing and planning progression before development can occur. The challenge is increasingly converting identified land into development -ready supply.

The emergence of hyperscale data centres is increasing competition for sites in strategically located precincts, reducing the supply of land available for industrial occupiers and influencing where future industrial development is likely to occur.

As land availability shifts towards outer -ring precincts, occupiers must increasingly balance occupancy costs against freight efficiency, labour accessibility and customer proximity.

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 4

Table of Contents

01 National Overview 02 Sydney 03 Melbourne 04 Brisbane 05 Perth 06 Adelaide

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 5

National Industrial Land Supply Snapshot

Despite almost 3,365 hectares of development -ready land nationally, active supply is concentrated within a relatively small number of strategic growth precincts, increasing the reliance on the staged delivery of infrastructure.

3,365 ha Active industrial land stocks

70% Developer controlled active land supply

70%

899 ha 2025 national industrial land

3.2 years Remaining of developer controlled active land supply based on recent take - up trends

NATIONAL 3,365 ha

BRI 700 ha

take -up

Methodology/Definitions

PER 420 ha

SYD 829 ha

ADL 159 ha

Land Size

Site Viability

Site Status

MEL 1,258 ha

Vacant industrial land > 1 hectare

Exclude sites constrained by:

Active: Development ready (currently serviced or to be serviced within the next 2 years)

Active Industrial Land Stocks by City

• Flooding

Unless smaller lots were under one ownership

• Environmental factors

Long Term:

Industrial zoned land

without services or required infrastructure (unlikely within the next 2 years)

• Significant topography constraints

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 6

Current Land Capacity

Australia's industrial land pipeline has expanded, although development

-ready supply remains a smaller share of total land stock

s.

Australia's industrial land pipeline expanded significantly over the past 12 months, increasing from approximately 9,600 hectares to approximately 12,575 hectares nationally. The increase was largely driven by

Despite the larger headline pipeline, active industrial land supply declined by around 5% to 3,365 hectares nationally. While modest, a strengthening pre -lease market given the broader shift to automation and consolidation, alongside continued data centre acquisitions would likely mean absorption outpaces the rate at which unserviced land can become development ready in several key precincts. Ownership also continues to influence land availability, with approximately 70% of active supply currently controlled by developers.

Australian Industrial Land Supply by Status (hectares)

6,000

the inclusion of several major strategic landholdings, including the Boral site in Melbourne's West and Enterprise

-zoned land

5,000

within the Western Sydney Aerotropolis. As a result, Australia's identified industrial land supply remains sizeable, although much of the additional pipeline represents longer term development opportunities rather than near -term supply.

-

4,000

3,000

Australia Headline Industrial Land Supply Vs Near -term Development Capacity

12,577 ha IDENTIFED SUPPLY Headline National industrial land supply

2,000

730 ha FIVE -YEAR ANNUAL AVEARGE NATIONAL LAND TAKE

-UP

Infrastructure, servicing and planning constraints

1,000

3,365 ha ACTIVE SUPPLY ~27% of identified supply

0

c.3.2 YEARS OF DEVELOPER CONTROLLED ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

Sydney

Melbourne

Brisbane

Perth

Adelaide

2,337 ha DEVELOPER CONTROLLED ACTIVE SUPPLY

Active

Long Term

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 7

Australia’s Industrial Land Supply Is Highly Concentrated A small number of major industrial precincts account for the majority of identified land supply. Established infill markets generally have limited active and long -term development capacity.

Australian Industrial Land Supply by Submarket and Supply Status

3,000

SYD OUTER WEST

2,500

MEL WEST

2,000

1,500

1,000

MEL SOUTH EAST

MEL NORTH

PER NORTH

500

PER SOUTH

ADL OUTER NORTH

BRI WEST

BRI BRI NORTH

ADL SOUTH ADL INNER NORTH

SOUTH

BRI M1 CORRIDOR

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Active Land Supply

- Hectares

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 8

Industrial Land Take -up

Large pre -commitments and data

centre acquisitions underpinned a sharp pick

-up in land take -up in 2025

In response to larger pre -lease transactions and owner occupier demand, land take -up in 2025 was the equal strongest year on record, reaching almost 900 hectares. By comparison, the 10-year annual average is 635 hectares per annum. Take -up was led by the Melbourne market, with approximately 320 hectares absorbed for the year, while all cities

Australian Land Take -up by City (hectares)

Average Pre -lease Transaction Size (sqm)*

1,000

40,000

900

35,000

800

30,000

700

recorded absorption above their respective 10 -year averages.

600

25,000

The increasing size of pre -lease transactions is materially changing the rate at which industrial land is absorbed. A single commitment now regularly removes 15 -20 hectares from the market (up from an average of three hectares a decade ago), reducing the ability of developers to progressively replenish development -ready land.

500

20,000

400

15,000

300

200

10,000

100

5,000

899 hectares Industrial land take -

0

up in 2025, up 42% from the 10 -year annual average

-

Sydney

Melbourne

Brisbane

Perth Adelaide

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 YTD 2026

* National Average

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 9

Capital Appetite For Industrial Land Remains Strong Despite Development Headwinds

Despite development feasibility challenges, demand for industrial land has remained strong in recent years. Approximately $9 billion of industrial land transactions above $10 million have been recorded nationally since the beginning of 2024. While data centres have been key contributors to this, several major institutional developers have diminished their industrial land banks, which has prompted several to be actively pursuing land. This has included established groups, such as Goodman, Dexus and ESR, alongside emerging groups such as LogiSPACE .

What Next? While demand for greenfield land is expected to remain strong as developers seek scalable development opportunities, interest in infill brownfield sites is expected to increase, particularly for assets offering holding income that allows investors to navigate

Investors are increasingly paying a premium for development activated with minimal planning or delivery risk. Similar to the data

-ready land that can be

current development challenges while positioning for redevelopment as market fundamentals improve.

centre sector, industrial

land values are increasingly being driven by deliverability rather than location alone. Sites capable of supporting development within two years are attracting significant competition, creating a two -tier market and the widest pricing differential on record between near

-term

development opportunities and longer

-dated pipeline sites.

Australian Industrial Land Transactions (>$10 million)

Australian Industrial Land Values by Submarket, 2026 ($/sqm)

$2.0 $2.5 $3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5 $5.0

$2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $3,500

$500 $1,000 $1,500

$0

$1.0 $1.5

$0.0 $0.5

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Sydney

Melbourne

Brisbane

Adelaide

Perth

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 10

Data Centres: A Structural Shift In Industrial Demand

While much of the discussion surrounding data

centres focuses on digital infrastructure, the more immediate real estate implication is land.

Data centre operators have become increasingly active participants in Australia's industrial land market, particularly across Sydney and Melbourne which have accounted for the majority of land transactions.

Sydney & Melbourne Data Centre Industrial Land Take

-up (hectares)

710 hectares Industrial land take -up from data centres in Sydney and Melbourne since 2018

350

Since 2018, data

centre operators

300

have acquired approximately 710 hectares of industrial land across Sydney and Melbourne, with a further wave of transactions to be announced in the coming months. Collectively, these acquisitions are estimated to have removed around 3.5 million sqm of future warehouse supply from the market, highlighting the growing competition between logistics and digital infrastructure users for industrial land. Unlike traditional industrial users, site selection is driven primarily by access to power capacity rather than transport infrastructure. As demand for AI and cloud computing infrastructure accelerates, power availability is expected to become an increasingly important determinant of

250

200

26.5 hectares

Average lot size of data centre take-up since 2024

150

100

50

17%

Data centre share of national land take -up in 2025 (27% in Sydney and Melbourne)

0

industrial land values and development feasibility.

2018 2019 2020

2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Sydney

Melbourne

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 11

Data Centres: What Is The Impact To Occupiers?

Data centre operators are paying significant premiums for strategically located industrial sites, and in some cases, the premium can exceed what an industrial developer can pay by more than 50%. This has implications beyond competition for industrial land. As data centre transactions become a more established component of the market, they have the potential to increase statutory land values, driving a potential sharp increase to land taxes and council rates in key industrial precincts. What does this mean for occupiers? Based on recent transactions in Sydney and Melbourne, data centre sales could contribute to statutory land value increases of more than 10% per annum over the next three years, adding to existing occupancy cost pressures. -connected industrial land intensifies, occupiers may increasingly need to consider exposure to statutory valuation increases alongside rent and outgoings when assessing long -term location strategies. As competition for power

Sydney Data Centre Land Pricing Premium to Industrial Buyers ($/sqm), Transactions Since 2020

$2,500

+35%

+42%

$2,000

+67%

$1,500

$1,000

$500

$0

Raw & Zoned

Zoned & Serviced

Zoned, Benched & Serviced

Data Centres

Developers & Owner Occupiers

Average Prime Outgoings by City ($/sqm)

$0 $20 $40 $60 $80

Sydney

Melbourne

Brisbane

Perth

Adelaide

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 12

Development Lead Times Vary Significantly

The timeframe required to bring industrial land to market differs materially by state and is influenced by planning approvals, infrastructure delivery, utility availability and servicing requirements. While planning approvals are an important milestone, the provision of roads, power, water, sewer and telecommunications infrastructure often determines when land can be developed. As a result, the volume of zoned industrial land does not necessarily reflect the amount of

ZONED & SERVICED (Indicative time for delivery)

ZONED & UNSERVICED (Indicative time for delivery)

UNZONED & UNSERVICED (Indicative time for delivery)

STATE

1.5 – 2.5 years Development application, development consent, construction certificate and construction of facility

3 - 6 years Infrastructure servicing, subdivision (where required), development consent, construction certificate and construction of facility

6 - 10 years Rezoning, precinct planning,

NEW SOUTH WALES

infrastructure delivery, subdivision, development consent, construction certificate and construction of facility

1.5 – 2.0 years Planning permit, building permit and construction of facility

2 - 4 years Subdivision permit, infrastructure servicing, Statement of Compliance, building permit and construction of facility

4 - 8 years Planning Scheme Amendment, Precinct Structure Plan, subdivision, infrastructure servicing, Statement of Compliance, building permit and construction of facility 5 - 7 years Planning scheme amendment, structure planning, Reconfiguring a Lot approval, operational works approval, infrastructure delivery, utility connections and construction of facility

VICTORIA

1.5 – 2.0 years Development approval, operational works approval (where required) and construction of facility

3 - 4 years Reconfiguring a Lot approval, operational works approval, infrastructure servicing, utility connections and construction of facility

land that is available for immediate development.

QUEENSLAND

1.5 – 2.0 years Development approval, building permit and construction of facility

2 - 3 years Subdivision approval, servicing works, clearance of conditions, building permit and construction of facility

4 – 7+ years Scheme amendment/rezoning,

subdivision approval, servicing works, clearance of conditions, building permit and construction of facility

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

1.5 – 2.0 years Planning consent, building consent and construction of facility

2 - 3 years Land division consent, infrastructure servicing, planning consent, building consent and construction of facility

4 – 7+ years Code Amendment, land division consent, infrastructure servicing, planning consent, building consent and construction of facility

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 13

Sydney Overview

Indicative scheme only, subject to council and planning approvals

PRIME BRADFIELD

– 1432 The Northern Road & 12 -24 Derwent Road, Bradfield NSW

Marketed by David Hall, Fab Dalfonso & Archie Cropley

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 14

Market Snapshot

Sydney’s industrial land supply has increased over the past year, with approximately 3,650 hectares of vacant industrial land identified across the city. Of this total, 829 hectares is considered active supply, broadly unchanged from the previous study. The stability in active supply is notable given the strong level of land absorption during 2025 and reflects the progression of additional land into the development term supply has also increased to approximately 2,823 hectares, and reflects the inclusion of all Enterprise zoned land within the Aerotropolis. The defining feature of Sydney’s supply profile is its concentration within the Outer West, which accounts for almost 80% of active supply and approximately 85% of the longer

Sydney Industrial Land Supply

-ready pipeline. Longer

-

-term pipeline.

The Mamre Road Precinct remains the principal source of development

-ready land, while

Badgerys Creek and Bradfield within the Aerotropolis are beginning to support additional occupier activity. Outside the Outer West, the North West and South West contain a combined 167 hectares of active supply, with opportunities generally concentrated within a small number of major estates. Although Sydney possesses one of Australia's largest industrial land pipelines, the pace of development will be determined by the coordinated delivery of enabling infrastructure, utilities and servicing across Western Sydney, with several large land holdings unlikely to deliver industrial floorspace within the next five years. As a result, the importance of the timely servicing and infrastructure delivery within the Aerotropolis is critical.

Sydney Industrial Land Status

3,652 ha Total Vacant Industrial Land Stocks

829 ha Active Industrial Land Stocks

2,823 ha Inactive Industrial Land Stocks

Zoned Industrial Land

Vacant Industrial Land Supply

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 15

Submarket State Of Play

Sydney's industrial land supply profile varies considerably across its submarkets, both in terms of the quantum of land avail

abl e and its capacity to support near

-term development. The Outer

West accounts for the majority of active and longer

-term supply, although infrastructure delivery and ownership constraints cont

inue to influence the rate at which land can be absorbed.

Elsewhere, supply is increasingly concentrated within a limited number of major estates, and development

-ready land across estab lished infill markets remains extremely scarce.

ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

LONG TERM LAND SUPPLY

SUPPLY DYNAMICS & CONSTRAINTS

SUBMARKET

• Active supply is concentrated within the Mamre Road Precinct at Kemps Creek, which collectively accounts for around half of t active land stocks. The balance includes select estates at Badgerys Creek and Bradfield, as well as remaining parcels at East

he submarket’s

ern Creek, Horsley

Park and Erskine Park.

2,526 hectares

• Fragmented private ownership remains a constraint to development. The progression of the longer infrastructure delivery and servicing timeframes. • Although the headline number is substantial, servicing and associated infrastructure are expected to occur at a pace similar

-term pipeline will ultimately de

pend on

OUTER WEST

649 hectares

to demand. Data

centre activity also presents upside risk to land absorption given the availability of scalable sites.

• Active supply is concentrated within a small number of major estates, including ESR’s Moorebank Intermodal Precinct and Chart

er Hall estates

at Minto and Smeaton Grange.

• Opportunities outside these estates remain limited, particularly for larger requirements, with the average lot size below thr ability to deliver sites at scale constrained. • Longer -term supply is limited at just 59 hectares and is largely concentrated within smaller, privately owned lots at Leppington

ee hectares and the

SOUTH WEST

86 hectares

59 hectares

, Austral and

Gregory Hills. Site consolidation will be important to the development of much of this land.

• Active supply is underpinned by the Marsden Park Business Park and ESR’s Huntingwood Logistics Estate. • Outside these estates, land availability is fragmented and generally limited in scale, restricting opportunities for larger i

ndu strial developments.

NORTH WEST

81 hectares

132 hectares

At 132 hectares, the longer

-term supply pipeline remains modest relative to the Outer West and is concentrated around St Marys a

nd

Riverstone. Several large parcels towards Marsden Park North are actively seeking rezoning to industrial use which will provi

de a long -term

supply relief.

• Development -ready land remains extremely scarce, with just 13 hectares of active supply across the West and Central West and no

active

supply identified within the North or South. • Longer -term supply is higher, and includes the 65

ESTABLISHED INFILL MARKETS

-hectare Botany Industrial Park, although extensive remediation works are requi

red before

13 hectares

106 hectares

development can occur.

• Future supply will increasingly rely on the redevelopment of existing industrial assets.

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 16

Industrial Land Take -up And Years Remaining

Sydney recorded almost 250 hectares of industrial land take levels and above the market’s recent annual average.

-up during 2025, up from 2024

Sydney Industrial Land Take

-up (hectares)

Activity was overwhelmingly concentrated within the Outer West, led by continued pre and speculative development within the Mamre Road Precinct and includes commitments at Fife/Stockland’s Kemps Creek Industrial Estate and more recently GPT at their Logistics Estate. Data centre take -up in the precinct has remained strong, headlined by AirTrunk conditionally acquiring IFM’s 53 hectare site at the northern end of the precinct.

-lease

200 250 300 350

Yiribana West

Outside of the Mamre Road Precinct, land take

-up was strong at the Moorebank Intermodal

50 100 150

Precinct, with the Kmart pre -commitment absorbing around 20 hectares of land, while occupier appetite within the Aerotropolis is increasing and stems from ALDI’s 19 hectare commitment within Ingham Property Group’s estate at Bradfield.

0

Take -up has remained solid in 2026, with close to 100 hectares of take

-up being recorded in

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

H1 2026, and the

finalisation of several large pre -lease and data

centre acquisitions will result

10-Year Average

in a material jump in take -up in H2 2026.

Sydney 2025 Industrial Land Take

-up Share by Submarket

829 ha ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

661 ha DEVELOPER CONTROLLED ACTIVE SUPPLY

4%

12%

Outer West South West North West North West Central West South

225 ha BASE CASE ANNUAL TAKE -UP (Five -year annual average)

225 ha BASE CASE ANNUAL TAKE -UP (Five -year annual average)

3.6 YEARS ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY REMAINING

2.9 YEARS DEVELOPER -CONTROLLED ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

83%

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 17

Melbourne Overview

494 -510 Boundary Road, Dingley Village VIC Marketed by Kosta Filinis & Gareth Jackson

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 18

Market Snapshot

Melbourne's industrial land pipeline has expanded materially over the past year, with approximately 5,083 hectares of vacant industrial land identified across the metropolitan area. Of this total, 1,258 hectares is considered active supply, with the remaining 3,824 hectares representing longer -term development opportunities that remain constrained by servicing, infrastructure delivery and planning requirements. The increase in identified land largely reflects the inclusion of several strategic development opportunities, most notably the Boral landholdings in Melbourne’s West, and sites within the outer South East. The expansion highlights the market's ability to respond to sustained occupier demand by bringing additional land into the longer

Melbourne Industrial Land Supply

-term pipeline, despite continued

strong levels of land absorption.

Melbourne's active land supply is broadly concentrated across the West (555 hectares) and North (369 hectares), which together account for over 70% of all development The South East contains a further 329 hectares, although the majority of its future pipeline sits within longer -term precincts such as Officer and Pakenham. Development opportunities within established eastern precincts remain extremely limited.

-ready land.

-ready

Melbourne's extensive industrial land pipeline provides significant long capacity. However, the pace at which this pipeline translates into development

-term development

-ready supply

will depend on the timely delivery of infrastructure, utility capacity and precinct servicing.

Melbourne Industrial Land Status

5,083 ha Total Vacant Industrial Land Stocks

1,258 Active

3,824 ha Inactive Industrial Land Stocks

Industrial Land Stocks

Zoned Industrial Land

Vacant Industrial Land Supply

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 19

Submarket State Of Play

Melbourne's industrial land pipeline is increasingly concentrated within a limited number of major precincts. Although this r delivery, ownership patterns and planning progress mean each corridor will contribute to future supply at a different pace.

eflects the natural evolution of the city, differences in infrastructure

ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

LONG TERM LAND SUPPLY

SUPPLY DYNAMICS & CONSTRAINTS

SUBMARKET

• The West accounts for Melbourne's largest industrial land pipeline; however, around half of the supply (approximately 1,300 h delivered until 2032 at the earliest, which materially distorts headline supply. • Delivery of future land supply remains closely tied to infrastructure sequencing, utility servicing and planning progress acr

ect ares) cannot be

oss key growth

precincts.

WEST

555 hectares

2,141 hectares

• As a result, the market is likely to experience ongoing short

-term supply pressure despite the scale of the broader pipeline. Sh

ould current data

centre demand persist, competition for industrial land is expected to strengthen further, reducing land availability for trad

itional logistics and

industrial occupiers.

• The North is increasingly becoming Melbourne's major freight and logistics corridor, supported by the proposed Beveridge Inte Terminal, the Northern Freight Precinct, Melbourne Airport expansion and the future Outer Metropolitan Ring. • While the longer -term pipeline is substantial at almost 800 hectares, much of this land cannot support near infrastructure, precinct servicing and planning are progressively delivered, meaning the headline supply materially overstate

rst ate Freight

-term development unt

il freight

s d evelopment

NORTH

369 hectares

762 hectares

ready supply.

• The active land supply pipeline is centred on Craigieburn, Mickleham and Melbourne Airport; however, the North’s longer term

str ategic land

supply shifts further towards Beverage.

• The South East remains Melbourne's most established industrial market, anchored by Dandenong South and other State Significan

t Industrial

Precincts that continue to receive strong planning protection for industrial and employment uses. • Although the submarket contains more than 900 hectares of longer

-term supply, much of this is concentrated within Officer and Pa

kenham

where development remains reliant on major transport infrastructure and Precinct Structure Plan delivery before meaningful la

nd release can

SOUTH EAST

329 hectares

921 hectares

occur.

• Development -ready land across core precincts including Dandenong South continues to tighten, with redevelopment increasingly rep

lacing

greenfield expansion in these areas as the primary source of new supply.

• Industrial land availability within the East is effectively exhausted, with just six hectares of active supply remaining and

no meaningful longer -

term land supply.

EAST

6 hectares

0 hectares

• New industrial development opportunities are expected to be confined to redevelopment of existing industrial assets, with ong expected to continue supporting land values and encourage occupiers seeking larger requirements to relocate towards Melbourne

oin g scarcity

’s key growth

corridors.

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 20

Industrial Land Take -up And Years Remaining

Melbourne recorded just over 280 hectares of industrial land take

-up in 2025, the highest

Melbourne Industrial Land Take

-up (hectares)

level nationally and almost 25% above the 10

-year average. Activity remained concentrated

within a small number of institutional estates and was increasingly influenced by hyperscale data centre acquisitions across the West and North.

350

300

Unlike previous years, where take

-up was primarily driven by industrial development, 2025

saw data centre operators become a significant source of industrial land absorption, accounting for around a quarter of total land take -up for the period. Melbourne's South East remains an active development market, and as a result, the submarket accounted for almost half of land take -up in 2025, and stems from continued development across institutional estates including Salta's Nexus Estate at Dandenong South and ESR's Greenlink Estate at Cranbourne West. Momentum has continued into 2026, with more than 100 hectares already absorbed. Recent transactions include Zerra DC's acquisition of approximately 18 hectares at the former Ford Broadmeadows site, reinforcing the growing influence of digital infrastructure on Melbourne's industrial land market.

250

200

150

100

50

0

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 10-Year Average

Melbourne 2025 Industrial Land Take

-up Share by Submarket

1,258 ha ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

903 ha DEVELOPER CONTROLLED ACTIVE SUPPLY

19%

South East

260 ha BASE CASE ANNUAL TAKE -UP (Five -year annual average)

260 ha BASE CASE ANNUAL TAKE -UP (Five -year annual average)

West

47%

North

East

34%

4.8 YEARS ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY REMAINING

3.5 YEARS DEVELOPER -CONTROLLED ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 21

Brisbane Overview

Pumicestone Road and Clinker Road,

Elimbah QLD

Sold by Morgan

Ruig & Mitch Taulelei

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 22

Market Snapshot

Brisbane has approximately 1,700 hectares of identified industrial land, of which around 700 hectares is considered development -ready. Although this remains one of Australia's larger active industrial land pipelines, development -ready supply has declined by approximately 25% over the past 12 months as continued land take -up, estate sell -downs and the reassessment of several previously identified sites have reduced the volume of land capable of supporting near - term development.

Brisbane Industrial Land Supply

The reduction highlights the distinction between identified land supply and development land, reinforcing that Brisbane's headline land pipeline overstates the volume of land capable of supporting near -term industrial development. However, Brisbane's planning and servicing timeframes also compare favourably with Sydney and Melbourne, supporting the market's ability to replenish development -ready supply and accommodate future demand. The South continues to contain the city’s largest concentration of active industrial land, supported by major institutional estates at Crestmead and North Maclean. The North and West also provide substantial future development opportunities, although, much of this supply is increasingly concentrated within outer growth precincts. By contrast, land availability within Brisbane's established industrial markets continues to tighten. The Trade Coast remains Brisbane's most supply remaining land supply located within the Brisbane Airport estate. As a result, redevelopment is expected to become increasingly important sources of future industrial supply.

-ready

-constrained precinct, with the bulk of

Brisbane Industrial Land Status

1,699 ha

700 Active Industrial Land Stocks

999 ha Inactive Industrial Land Stocks

Total Vacant Industrial Land Stocks

Zoned Industrial Land

Vacant Industrial Land Supply

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 23

Submarket State Of Play

Brisbane's industrial land pipeline is becoming increasingly

polarised between constrained infill markets and large greenfield growth corridors. The South continues to underpin near

-term industrial

development, whereas most of the longer influence the timing of future land releases.

-term pipeline is located within Brisbane's northern and western growth areas where infra

structure delivery, servicing and fragmented ownership will

ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

LONG TERM LAND SUPPLY

SUPPLY DYNAMICS & CONSTRAINTS

SUBMARKET

• The Trade Coast remains Brisbane's most strategically important and supply

-constrained industrial market, protected as a Major E

nterprise and

Industrial Area given its role supporting the Port of Brisbane and Brisbane Airport. • The majority of remaining development opportunities are located on leasehold land within the Port and Airport precincts, limi

ting freehold

TRADE COAST

69 hectares

138 hectares

acquisition opportunities and favouring pre

-lease development.

• With virtually no remaining greenfield opportunities, redevelopment of existing stock will become the primary source of futur

e industrial supply.

• The South represents Brisbane's most strategically important industrial growth corridor over the short to medium term, suppor institutional land ownership, scalable development opportunities and connectivity to Brisbane's freight network. • Active supply is concentrated within Crestmead and North Maclean, where institutional ownership is facilitating the delivery

ted by

SOUTH

203 hectares

164 hectares

of larger,

masterplanned industrial estates that are increasingly difficult to replicate elsewhere in Brisbane.

• Industrial development continues to shift west as established precincts including Wacol, Richlands and Redbank approach matur supply increasingly concentrated around Bundamba and Swanbank. • Although these precincts provide significant development capacity, occupiers are increasingly balancing lower occupancy costs

ity , with future

WEST

127 hectares

296 hectares

ag ainst longer

freight movements reduced labour accessibility compared with established western precincts.

• The North is becoming Brisbane's next major industrial growth corridor, supported by long

-term employment planning around Cabool

ture and

Elimbah East. Near term development capacity includes pockets within Brendale, Caboolture and North Lakes. • Much of the identified pipeline remains tied to future precinct planning and servicing and several major land holdings remain

NORTH

216 hectares

185 hectares

mo r than four years

away from becoming active land supply.

• Strong owner occupier demand and development activity at key estates has rapidly diminished active land supply stocks across Despite the healthy overall pipeline of supply, much of it remains fragmented by ownership, limiting the coordinated delivery industrial estates. Ownership consolidation is likely to be the primary determinant of future supply rather than planning alo

the submarket.

of large -scale

ne.

M1 CORRIDOR

85 hectares

217 hectares

Established estates at

Yatala and Stapylton continue to accommodate development, including Frasers Vantage estate, with future land releases

east of the M1 Motorway remaining contingent on coordinated planning, which are expected to progressively stage development o

ver time.

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 24

Industrial Land Take -up And Years Remaining

Industrial land take -up reached a record 171 hectares in 2025, more than double the 10

-year

Brisbane Industrial Land Take

-up (hectares)

average. Activity was underpinned by several large pre

-commitment deals, most notably

Officeworks and Asahi at Goodman’s Redbank estate, which collectively absorbed almost 25 hectares of land. Similarly, owner occupier demand was significant as developers increasingly responded to market conditions by delivering smaller industrial lots within

200

150

masterplanned estates. This

included the

Southway Business Park at Coomera where over 80% of lots have been sold

since their early 2025 launch.

100

By submarket, demand was more broadly distributed across the city than in previous years, with the North and M1 Corridor accounting for a larger share of absorption, led by owner occupier demand.

50

The broad distribution of land take

-up across Brisbane’s reflects an increasingly supply

-led

0

market, where occupiers are pursuing development

-ready opportunities rather than focusing

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 10-Year Average

solely on traditional industrial precincts.

Brisbane 2025 Industrial Land Take

-up Share by Submarket

700 ha ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

383 ha DEVELOPER CONTROLLED ACTIVE SUPPLY

8%

M1 Corridor

28%

13%

125 ha BASE CASE ANNUAL TAKE -UP (Five -year annual average)

125 ha BASE CASE ANNUAL TAKE -UP (Five -year annual average)

West

North

South

24%

Trade Coast

5.6 YEARS ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY REMAINING

3.1 YEARS DEVELOPER -CONTROLLED ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

27%

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 25

Perth Overview

177 Planet Street, Welshpool WA Sold by Nick Goodridge & Ross Palframan

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 26

Market Snapshot

Perth's industrial land market remains highly constrained, particularly across core precincts surrounding major infrastructure. A diversified pre

Perth Industrial Land Supply

-leasing market and solid owner occupier -ready land, limiting opportunities within

demand has continued to absorb development

established industrial markets.

Approximately 1,428 hectares of industrial land has been identified across the city, with 420 hectares considered active supply. Much of the remaining pipeline is located within longer term growth precincts where infrastructure delivery, utility servicing and environmental approvals will determine the timing of future land releases. A defining feature of Perth’s active pipeline is its concentration within a relatively small number of estates. 10 lots or estates account for more than 60% of Perth’s active land supply, including Jandakot Airport and estates at Doobarda . By comparison, core infill precincts contain just over 80 hectares of active supply, led by the Perth Airport and Roe Highway Logistics Park. Longer term, future industrial growth is expected to be concentrated within precincts including Bullsbrook and the Western Trade Coast. However, the pace at which these precincts are brought to market will remain dependent on coordinated infrastructure investment, utility servicing and the staged release of land.

-

Perth Industrial Land Status

1,428 ha

420 Active Industrial Land Stocks

1,008 ha Inactive Industrial Land Stocks

Total Vacant Industrial Land Stocks

Zoned Industrial Land

Vacant Industrial Land Supply

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

PERTH

ADELAIDE

CONTACT INFORMATION

THE INDUSTRIAL LAND SHIFT

| 27

Submarket State Of Play

Perth's industrial land pipeline is distributed across three distinct growth corridors, each playing a different role in acco

mmo dating future industrial demand. The East remains the city's primary -term development, with differences in infrastructure delivery, land

freight and logistics precinct, the North supports longer ownership and planning influencing the timing of future supply.

-term strategic expansion, and the South continues to underpin near

ACTIVE LAND SUPPLY

LONG TERM LAND SUPPLY

SUPPLY DYNAMICS & CONSTRAINTS

SUBMARKET

• The East remains Perth's most tightly held industrial submarket, reflecting its strategic role servicing Perth Airport, the K

ewd ale intermodal

terminal and the broader freight network. As a result, opportunities for large

-scale industrial development remain limited.

• Development -ready supply is concentrated within Hazelmere and Kenwick; however, the next phase of industrial development will in rely on fragmented landholdings surrounding these precincts, requiring site consolidation, utility servicing and, in some loc approvals before meaningful supply can be delivered. • With few opportunities to establish new industrial estates in proximity to Perth's primary freight infrastructure, redevelopm land releases are expected to dominate future supply, reinforcing continued pricing pressure for serviced industrial land.

creasingly

ations, environmental

EAST

73 hectares

275 hectares

ent and incremental

The North contains Perth's largest longer

-term industrial land pipeline, with future supply centred on the Neerabup and Wangara

precincts,

where DevelopmentWA continues to control a significant proportion of development

-ready land.

• Development activity is increasingly focused around Bullsbrook, reflecting its long

-term role in accommodating freight, logistic

s and aviation -

NORTH

70 hectares

395 hectares

related industries identified through State planning and DevelopmentWA's staged industrial land program. • While the identified pipeline is substantial, future land releases remain dependent on coordinated infrastructure delivery an of government owned estates, meaning several large holdings are several years away from being considered active land supply.

d t he staged rollout

• The South continues to underpin Perth's industrial land pipeline, with Forrestdale and Jandakot accounting for the majority o ready supply. Major estates including Catalpa Business Park, Dexus’ Ascend Industrial Park at Jandakot Airport and South Conn underpinned much of Perth's recent industrial land absorption. • Institutional ownership has supported a relatively consistent pipeline of serviced land; however, opportunities within establ progressively diminishing, increasing reliance on future land releases within the Western Trade Coast, including Latitude 32,

f d evelopment -

ect have

SOUTH

277 hectares

339 hectares

ish ed estates are and Doobarda,

where infrastructure delivery and environmental approvals are critical in facilitating development.

Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34

Powered by